My friend Katie Ellyson saw my post about losing 45K in 3 days and wanted to know how. She has a YA (Young Adult) WIP that has been in the refactoring stage for a couple of months now. In fact that’s how I met her, I offered to beta read her WIP, did, and we’ve been chatting and emailing ever since.
So Katie, this is for you!
This is based on any code or idea re-factoring commonly done around complex projects or concepts that have, shall we say, gone awry? There are a number of sites that help you lay out a structure for your novel from the get go. Yes, it’s all simple then when it’s shiny and new ideas on crisp pieces of paper, or whatever. But what happens when in the middle you look up from your amazing Next Great Novel and discover that it has taken a horrible turn for the weeds?
Stage 1: Panic
Sit down have a cup of some warm beverage or a martini, and repeat the following words.
I am a good writer and my work does not suck. Breathe.

Stage 2: Regroup
Now open a new file and read this post before you do anything else. I like to use an outlining program because what we are going to create is an architecture and from a concept standpoint an outline works well, but you could do this in any text editor. For San Francisco, my WIP, I use SuperNoteCard.
In my life as a program manager I’ve used actual pieces of REAL PAPER (index cards and stickies work well), Mind mapping programs such as MindManager or FreeMind. If you have a Mac, Omni Outliner is a good choice and imports well into Scrivener. The examples here are in SNC, printed and pasted to the walls of my dining room on very large Post-et notes.
The example on the right is one chapter with high-level actors and plot arcs mapped and color coded, along with an overall chapter status.
1) With a clear mind read your work. You are reading to take notes kind of like a beta reader.
YOU ARE NOT EDITING.
STOP THAT, I MEAN IT.
2) For each chapter you need to note the following:
- Who are the KEY NAMED ACTORS and these can be people, locations or key items (for example, that gun on Chekhov’s mantle would be tracked) that are going to cause a turn in a plot or subplot. Don’t worry about Jason, the Grocery Clerk with the cute butt unless he has an affair with Evelyn, your heroine. Think structure. You are looking people/places/things who create the bones of your story and cause the plot to turn.
-What are the PLOT/CHARACTER/WHATEVER ARCS - You will make a list and track this. These are the things, mostly about characters, but they can be other things that are changing over the course of the story and what make it fun to read. What am I saying, you know what a Plot Arc is.
- A BRIEF SUMMARY (no more than 1-2 lines. OK more if you have to, and do not fret over this, and bullet points are fine.) So you know what is going on, i.e. what the bones are. This is only for you.
I would not stress too much, or at all about how big or small to make the initial groupings (chapters vs. scenes). In fact I would stay with chapters for now. If you try to go directly to scenes you will drown in detail and get discouraged. Keep it high-level and simple. There is benefit from going through this exercise in an iterative manner and the first run through should be at a high level, then you can drill down as needed. Lets face it, if your WIP is off the rails its likely not off the rails in the minutiae, right?
Remember, You are revealing the architecture that YOU HAVE ALREADY BUILT in your story; all we are doing is brushing away the bits of chaff that are obscuring the outline. To that point keep a note file about COOL IDEAS FOR THE REWRITE, because you will have them and if you don’t have a parking lot for them you’ll waste time. I keep a pile of post-ets in the dining room that are color coded and also have email notes to myself.
3) I keep two interconnected lists, and that is where the outlining software comes in handy. Waaaiiiittt….Two you say? yes, two. Not three. Why two? Because plot arcs and actors are really just aspects of the same thing that are mapped along a summary line. OK, Leslie you are getting all softwarey-esoteric now. (I can hear John, my Architecture mentor laughing maniacally)
I’ve spent some time thinking about this. I am sure there are a bunch of Literature Professors who will gnash their teeth and differ wildly with me. But From a simple informational level, this works and 2 are easier to track than 3. If you treat plot arcs as actors in a scene or chapter an architecture emerges more easily. In my WIP, two major competing plot arcs are:
1) Connie needs to find a way home from 1850 to 1992
2) Connie is falling in love with man in 1850.
I treat these as actors in my architecture and when those elements ‘act’ in the scene/chapter I drop them in.
You can probably see where I am going with this. At the end of the day, you will have graphical structure for your work that identifies holes and rogue actors. But as usual, I am ahead of myself….
…the next step….3: Analysis without Paralysis.